This is an information resource designed to help you understand the nature of a medical condition and the surgical procedure most commonly used to treat it.
Cystoscopy Male via Penis Surgery - Patient Education PreOp® http://PreOp.com and http://Store.PreOp.com Patient Education Company Your doctor has recommended that you undergo a Cystoscopy. But what does that actually mean? The lower urinary tract allows your body to store and release urine. It’s made up of two parts, the bladder and the urethra. Your bladder is a hollow organ that expands as it fills with urine. Because it is made of muscular tissue, it can also contract and force urine to pass out of the body, through the urethra. Your urethra carries urine from the bladder all the way through the opening in the penis. Your doctor feels that it is necessary to examine the interior of the urethra and bladder, to try to determine the cause of a problem that you may be having. Symptoms that may call for a routine Cystoscopy include: * Persistent infection of the urinary tract * Bladder stones * Bleeding while urinating * Irritation due to polyps, or * Changes…
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Your doctor has recommended that you have an upper GI endoscopy. But what does that actually mean?
An upper GI endoscopy is a diagnostic procedure used by your doctor to inspect the inside of your throat, esophagus, stomach and upper intestine.
While it's considered a surgical procedure, endoscopy does not involve an incision. Instead, your doctor will pass a flexible tube, called an endoscope through your mouth and into your stomach and digestive tract.
This tube has a tiny video camera mounted on its tip,
it also contains a small tool used for taking tissue samples.
Because the passageway from the mouth to the opening of the small intestine is usually unobstructed, your doctor can use the endoscope to inspect the entire upper half of your digestive system.
Reasons for undergoing an upper GI endoscopy vary. You may have been suffering from one or more of a number symptoms - including weight loss, abdominal pain, chronic heartburn or indigestion, gastritis, hiatal hernia, trouble swallowing, pain caused by an ulcer or other problems associated with the stomach and digestive system.
Some gastrointestinal symptoms can be warning signs of serious medical problems and you should take your doctor's recommendation to have an endoscopy very seriously.
Luckily, the vast majority of medical problems diagnosed by endoscopy are treatable and you should look forward to improved health and comfort as a result of the information gathered during the procedure.
Your Procedure:
On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown, you may receive a sedative by mouth
and an intravenous line may be put in.
You will then be transferred to the operating table, and positioned comfortably on your left side.
A nurse will begin preparation by spraying a liquid anesthetic into your throat.
To help you hold your mouth open, a small mouth piece will be placed between your teeth.
To create a better viewing area, your stomach will be filled with a small quantity of air which may cause you to have a feeling of fullness.
After a few minutes, your mouth and throat will feel numb.
The doctor will then insert the endoscope into your mouth and gently guide it towards your stomach and small intestine.
To better examine abnormal-looking tissues, your doctor may choose to take one or more biopsies.
Small instruments sent through the interior of the endoscope are able to painlessly remove small samples of tissue with a small scissor like tool by simply snipping them free.
After a thorough exam, the endoscope is carefully removed... and the support piece is taken out of your mouth.
Any tissue specimens removed during the procedure will be sent immediately to a lab for microscopic analysis. Your doctor will tell you when to expect results from those tests.
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Your doctor has recommended that you undergo a Cystoscopy. But what does that actually mean?
The lower urinary tract allows your body to store and release urine.
It's made up of two parts, the bladder and the urethra.
Your bladder is a hollow organ that expands as it fills with urine. Because it is made of muscular tissue, it can also contract and force urine to pass out of the body, through the urethra. Your urethra carries urine from the bladder all the way through the opening in the penis.
Your doctor feels that it is necessary to examine the interior of the urethra and bladder, to try to determine the cause of a problem that you may be having.
Symptoms that may call for a routine Cystoscopy include:
* Persistent infection of the urinary tract
* Bladder stones
* Bleeding while urinating
* Irritation due to polyps, or
* Changes to the bladder caused by cancer.
Cystoscopy is a simple procedure during which your doctor will insert a well-lubricated, instrument called a cystoscope through your urethra and into your bladder.
The cystoscope allows your doctor to visually inspect the interior of your bladder. It also allows your doctor to remove small pieces of tissue for later examination and even to crush small bladder stones, should any be present.
Any tissue that your doctor removes from your bladder will be sent immediately to a laboratory for analysis. Your doctor will ask the laboratory to check for any sign of cancer or other abnormality.
So make sure that you ask your doctor to carefully explain the reasons behind this recommendation.
Your Procedure:
On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
You may receive a sedative by mouth and an intravenous line may be put in.
You will then be transferred to the operating table.
Once on the table, your feet and legs will be placed in an elevated position with your knees apart.
You'll be asked to urinate so the amount of urine remaining in the bladder can be measured.
The nurse will swab the penis with an antiseptic solution.
Your doctor will then lift your penis upward.
A well-lubricated cystoscope is gently inserted into the urethra, the opening at the head of the penis, and slowly guided inward.
When the cystoscope reaches the back of the penis, your doctor will pull the penis downward in order to create a straight path into the bladder.
Once the cystoscope is inside the bladder, your doctor will inject a small amount of water through the cystoscope and into the bladder.
The water serves to expand the bladder, helping your doctor to better examine the interior. It also helps by washing away any blood or remaining urine.
You may feel a sense of fullness as though you need to urinate. You'll be encouraged to relax and not to try to retain the water in your bladder.
As the team completes it's inspection, they'll be looking for suspicious tissues. If they find bladder stones, your doctor may try to crush these so that they can pass out of the bladder during normal urination.
If the team finds a suspicious growth they will use a special grasping tool to take a sample of tissue in order to send to a laboratory for analysis.
When the inspection is complete, your doctor will remove the cystoscope and you'll be asked to empty your bladder.
Your doctor will probably ask you to wear a temporary Foley catheter.
A Foley catheter is a narrow tube inserted through your urethra and into your bladder. The catheter is connected to a bag that is attached to your leg by a strap. While the Foley catheter is in place, urine will pass from your bladder into the bag. You will not need to urinate into a toilet.
The nurse will show you how to change the bag when it is full. An appointment will be made for you to return to the doctor's office in a couple of days to have the catheter removed.
As soon as the anesthesia wears off and you feel comfortable, you'll be allowed to leave.
Your doctor has recommended that you undergo Laparoscopic Gastric - Adjustable Band Surgery. But what exactly does that mean?
Laparoscopic Gastric - Adjustable Band is a surgical procedure used to help a patient lose weight.
It is usually recommended to help those who are morbidly obese - meaning that their weight problem has become a serious health risk.
Most severely overweight patients overeat. Food enters the body through the mouth, travels down the esophagus where it collects in the stomach.
From there, digested food passes into the small intestine. Nutrients taken from the food pass from the small intestine into the bloodstream.
Waste travels to the colon and leaves the body through the anus.
The amount of food that a person eats is partly controlled by appetite. The stomach plays an important role in controlling appetite. When the stomach is empty, a person feels the urge to eat. When the stomach is full, that urge goes away. An adjustable band dramatically reduces the size of the stomach.
With a smaller stomach, the patient is physically unable to eat large amounts of food.
With less food entering the body, fat stores begin to be used. The patient loses weight.
So make sure that you ask your doctor to carefully explain the reasons behind this recommendation.
Your Procedure:
On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
You may receive a sedative by mouth
and an intravenous line may be put in.
You will then be transferred to the operating table.
The anesthesiologist will begin to administer anesthesia - probably general anesthesia by injection and inhalation mask.
The surgeon will then apply antiseptic solution to the skin and place a sterile drape around the operative site.
Then, when you are asleep, the surgical team will make an incision just above the navel.
A tube-shaped collar called a trocar will be placed inside the incision to hold it open.
Harmless carbon dioxide gas will be used to inflate the abdomen, serving to enlarge the work area and to separate the organs.
The team then inserts the laparoscope.
Once in place, the laparoscope will provide video images that allow the surgeon to see the inside of your abdomen.
Next, the team makes four more incisions - taking special care to keep the openings as small as possible. These openings will provide access for other surgical instruments.
Once the team has a clear view of the stomach, your doctor will insert a special tube into your mouth and throat. The surgical team guides the tube into your abdomen until the tip reaches the top of the stomach.
At the tip of the tube there is a balloon. Your doctor will inflate the balloon when it is in position. Using the position of the balloon as a guide, your doctor will create a space around the stomach.
Next, the team will insert an adjustable band into the abdomen.
After deflating the balloon, your doctor will guide the band until it circles the top of the stomach.
Once the band is in place, the team will check the position by re-inflating the balloon.
After making any final adjustments to the position of the band, your doctor will tighten and lock it into place. Next, the team will fill the band with saline solution causing it to further tighten around the stomach.
To keep the band in place, a portion of the stomach will be pulled over the band and secured with 4 or 5 stitches. The remaining portion of the tube used to pass saline into the band will be trimmed and a special valve will be attached.
The valve will be sutured into place just below the skin in the upper left area of the abdomen. This valve will allow your doctor to adjust the tightness of the band and control the size of the opening into your stomach.
When the team is satisfied that the band is properly functioning, they will withdraw all surgical instruments and close the incisions with sutures or staples.
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PreOp® Cystoscopy Female Surgery Patient Education
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Your doctor has recommended that you undergo a Cystoscopy. But what exactly does that mean?
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Your doctor has recommended that you undergo a Cystoscopy. But what exactly does that mean?
The lower urinary tract allows your body to store and release urine.
It's made up of two parts, the bladder and the urethra.
Your bladder is a hollow organ that expands as it fills with urine. Because it is made of muscular tissue, it can also contract and force urine to pass out of the body, through the urethra. Your urethra carries urine from the bladder to the outside of your body.
Your doctor feels that it is necessary to examine the interior of the urethra and bladder, to try to determine the cause of a problem that you may be having.
Symptoms that may call for a routine Cystoscopy include:
* Persistent infection of the urinary tract
* Bladder stones
* Bleeding while urinating
* Irritation due to polyps, or
* Changes to the bladder caused by cancer.
Cystoscopy is a simple procedure during which your doctor will insert a well-lubricated, instrument called a cystoscope through your urethra and into your bladder.
The cystoscope allows your doctor to visually inspect the interior of your bladder. It also allows your doctor to remove small pieces of tissue for later examination and even to crush small bladder stones, should any be present.
Any tissue that your doctor removes from your bladder will be sent immediately to a laboratory for analysis. Your doctor will ask the laboratory to check for any sign of cancer or other abnormality.
Your Procedure:
On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
You may receive a sedative by mouth and an intravenous line may be put in.
You will then be transferred to the operating table.
Once on the table, your feet and legs will be placed in an elevated position with your knees apart. You'll be asked to urinate so the amount of urine remaining in the bladder can be measured.
A nurse will then shave your pubic area and swab the opening of your urethra with an antiseptic solution.
A well-lubricated cystoscope is gently inserted into the urethra and slowly guided inward.
Once the cystoscope is inside the bladder, your doctor will inject a small amount of water through the cystoscope and into the bladder.
The water serves to expand the bladder, helping your doctor to better examine the interior. It also helps by washing away any blood or remaining urine. You may feel a sense of fullness as though you need to urinate.
You'll be encouraged to relax and not to try to retain the water in your bladder. As the team completes the inspection, they'll be looking for suspicious tissues.
If they find bladder stones, your doctor may try to crush these so that they can pass out of the bladder during normal urination. If the team finds a suspicious growth they will use a special grasping tool to take a sample of tissue in order to send to a laboratory for analysis.
When the inspection is complete, your doctor will remove the cystoscope and you'll be asked to empty your bladder.
Your doctor will probably ask you to wear a temporary Foley catheter.
A Foley catheter is a narrow tube inserted through your urethra and into your bladder. The catheter is connected to a bag that is attached to your leg by a strap. While the Foley catheter is in place, urine will pass from your bladder into the bag. You will not need to urinate into a toilet.
The nurse will show you how to change the bag when it is full. An appointment will be made for you to return to the doctor's office in a couple of days to have the catheter removed. As soon as the anesthesia wears off and you feel comfortable, you'll be allowed to leave.
PreOp® Centers of Excellence Surgery Patient education http://PreOp.com - http://Store.PreOp.com These certified medical animations, certified medical scripts produce award winning videos available to patients and their families for pre-operative and operative education. Over 100 titles and organized in centers of excellence for patient education, patient engagement, and to support the patient experience. MedSelfEd, Inc. of Boston, Massachusetts produces and markets patient education materials in rich-media, streaming-content formats and delivers them via an interactive web site, video players and other media platforms. Combining detailed medical illustration, animation, mass-audience-targeted text and clear narration, MedSelfEd materials display the highest production quality and content of all available patient education materials. Some of the premier hospital information networks in Boston feature MSE materials. PreOp® Cardiac Center PreOp Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) …
Achilles Tendon Repair Surgery PreOp® Patient Engagement and Education
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Your doctor has recommended that you undergo surgery to repair your ruptured Achilles tendon.
But what does that actually mean?
Your Achilles tendon is the connection between the heel and the most powerful muscle group in the body. It is the strongest, largest and thickest tendon in the body. It begins in the mid-leg and descends to the heel.
Unfortunately, the Achilles tendon is extremely susceptible to acute and chronic injury because of the demands it withstands.
When it ruptures, patients feel a "pop" and may feel that they've been struck from behind. This is often followed by weakness and pain.
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On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
You may receive a sedative by mouth and an intravenous line may be put in.
You will then be transferred to the operating table, where you'll be placed in a prone position, with your leg supported.
In the operating room, the anesthesiologist will begin to administer anesthesia - either general or regional.
The surgeon will then apply antiseptic solution to the skin around the area where the incisions will be made place a sterile drape around the operative site.
After allowing a few minutes for the anesthetic to take effect an incision will be made in the long axis of the ankle over the injured tendon.
The incision is carried down through the skin, exposing the underlying tendon sheath.
The sheath is then opened to reveal the tendon itself and the contained damaged Achilles tendon.
The damaged portion of the tendon is then cut away, taking as little tissue as possible, but cutting back to strong, viable tendon fibers.
The surgeon weaves sutures through the tendon fibers in a pattern designed to hold with good strength.
Then the two tendon ends are pulled into contact and tied securely.
Finally, the incisions are closed with sutures.
After sterile dressings are applied, a well-padded splint will be fitted.
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Rotator Cuff Repair Open PreOp® Patient Engagement and Education
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Your doctor has recommended that you have surgery to repair a torn rotator cuff. But what does that actually mean?
Rotator cuff is the term given to describe a group of four tendons that work together to support and stabilize the shoulder joint.
Each tendon connects muscle to bone.
When a shoulder muscles contracts, it pulls on a tendon which in turn pulls on the upper arm bone and causes it to move.
When one or more of these tendons become damaged, the arm loses strength and mobility.
Your Procedure:
On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
You may receive a sedative by mouth and an intravenous line may be put in.
You will then be transferred to the operating table.
If you are receiving general anesthesia, the anesthesiologist will administer it by injection and using an inhalation mask.
The surgeon will then apply an antiseptic solution to the skin and place a sterile drape around the operative site.
After you are unconscious, your doctor will make a vertical incision on your shoulder.
Skin and other tissue will be pulled back in order to expose the shoulder's muscles.
These will also be pulled aside to expose the shoulder joint and tendons.
Under the deltoid muscle lies the bursa, a protective sac that prevents the rotator cuff tendons and the shoulder muscles from rubbing against each other.
Your doctor will remove the bursa to gain access to the damaged tendons.
Next, the surgeon will cut away any scar tissue or unhealthy tissue around the torn area.
Using sutures, the tear can now be repaired.
Before closing, the deltoid muscle is returned to its proper position and the skin is rejoined and sutured.
Finally, a sterile bandage is applied. In order to keep the shoulder muscle immobile while it heals, you will be given a sling to wear.
Cardiac Catheterization Angiography PreOp® Patient Engagement and Education
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Your doctor has recommended that you undergo a cardiac catheterization. But what does that actually mean?
The heart is located in the center of the chest. It's job is to keep blood continually circulating throughout the body.
The blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart are called arteries.
The largest and most important of these is the aorta.
The vessels that bring blood back into the heart are called veins.
Sometimes, these blood vessels can grow narrower or become blocked in such a way that normal blood flow is restricted. In simple terms, a cardiac catheterization is a diagnostic procedure used when your doctor believes that blood is not flowing normally in and or around your heart.
In simple terms, a cardiac catheterization is a diagnostic procedure used when your doctor believes that blood is not flowing normally in and or around your heart.
During a cardiac catheterization, a heart specialist will insert a thin tube into an artery in the arm or leg and gently guide it towards the problem area in the heart.
Once the tube is in place, a special dye is injected and a series of x-rays are taken.
These x-rays allow your doctor to see exactly how blood is flowing in your heart.
Your Procedure:
On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
You may receive a sedative by mouth and an intravenous line may be put in.
You will then be transferred to the operating table.
To begin, your leg and groin are swabbed with an antiseptic solution.
Then the doctor will make a small cut over the femoral artery in the upper part of the leg.
A special needle is then inserted into the artery itself.
Then a guide wire is carefully passed through the needle and gently pushed into the artery and upwards towards your chest.
Once the wire's in place at the aorta, a narrow tube, called a catheter, is threaded along the wire until it too has reached the aorta.
The guide wire will then be withdrawn, leaving the catheter in place.
Next, the doctor injects a dye - specially designed to show up under x-rays. The dye will outline the blood vessels that feed that heart and will allow your doctor to pinpoint areas where blood flow has been reduced.
After a thorough investigation, the catheter is withdrawn and slight pressure is applied to the incision in your leg in order to prevent bleeding. The dye that was injected will break up and leave your body as waste.
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Your doctor has recommended that you undergo a Dilation and Curettage, or D and C. But what does that actually mean?
The uterus is part of a woman's reproductive system. It's the organ that contains the growing fetus.
The cervix forms the neck of the uterus,
and the vagina is the canal through which conception and birth take place.
The endometrium is a soft lining that protects the fetus during pregnancy.
Reasons for having a D and C vary. Most D and C's are performed because the patient has complained of unusually heavy menstrual bleeding.
Other common problems include, uterine infection, bleeding after sexual intercourse, incomplete miscarriage
or the presence of polyps - small pieces of extra tissue growing on the inside of the uterine wall.
Your Procedure:
On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
You may receive a sedative by mouth and an intravenous line may be put in.
You will then be transferred to the operating table.
To perform a D and C, your doctor needs unobstructed access to your uterus, so your feet will be raised, separated and placed in canvas slings - holding your legs in a position much like that position used during a routine gynecological exam.
To begin, the genital area is swabbed with an antiseptic solution and sterile towels are draped around until only the vulva is exposed.
Then the surgeon will use a gloved hand to conduct a vaginal examination and will check the size and location of the uterus by pressing on your lower abdomen.
A metal or plastic vaginal speculum is used to gently expand the vagina and allow access to the cervix.
Once the cervix is visible, a forcep is used to grasp the front lip of the cervix - causing the uterus to open a little.
Using a blunt-tipped probe, the surgeon carefully measures the length of the uterus and takes a small sample of tissue from the cervical canal.
Next, the surgeon will dilate, or open the cervix, using a series of progressively larger metal rods called dilators.
When the cervix has expanded sufficiently, the doctor will use a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette to gently scrape out the lining of the uterus. In some cases, surge
When the entire lining of the uterus has been removed, the instruments are withdrawn.
The tissue removed will then be sent to a laboratory for analysis.
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You doctor has recommended that you undergo hip replacement surgery. But what exactly does that mean?
The hip joint is the place where the thighbone - called the femur - and the hipbone - called the pelvis - meet.
As you walk, the ball-shaped end of the thigh moves within a cuplike depression on the side of the hip.
As long as the thigh can move smoothly against the hip, you are able to walk comfortably. But over time, especially in patients who suffer from arthritis or rheumatism, the hip joint can wear down.
Cartilage, the tissue that cushions the bones and makes it possible for them to move smoothly against each other can wear away.
When this happens, the bones rub together causing pain and even restricting the ability to walk.
* In some cases, hip surgery is recommended for people who have suffered a hip fracture.
* No matter what the cause, one of the most effective ways to fix a damaged hip is to replace it surgically.
In this procedure, the ball-shaped bone at the top of the thigh is removed and replaced with a metal substitute.
The hip socket is widened and lined with a smooth pad that allows the metal ball joint to move more freely against the pelvis.
Hip replacement surgery is a major operation, but your doctor believes that the procedure -- followed up with physical therapy and time to heal -- will result in reduced pain and greater mobility.
So make sure that you ask your doctor to carefully explain the reasons behind this recommendation.
Your Procedure:
On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
You may receive a sedative by mouth and an intravenous line may be put in.
You will then be transferred to the operating table.
In the operating room, a nurse will prepare by clipping or shaving skin around your hip and thigh.
The anesthesiologist will begin to administer anesthesia - probably general anesthesia by injection and inhalation mask.
The surgeon will then apply antiseptic solution to the skin and place a sterile drape around the operative site.
Then, when you are asleep, the surgical team will make an incision over the hip and along the thigh.
The team will pull the skin aside to reveal the muscle tissue below.
They'll then make another incision to reveal the hip joint.
Next, the team pulls the top of the thighbone out of the hip socket.
Using a precision surgical saw, your doctor will carefully remove the ball-shaped end of the thighbone.
Then, the surgical team will use a high-speed drill to hollow out the top of the thighbone.
A specially fitted artificial ball joint slides into the top of the thighbone.
Next, your doctor will smooth the inner surface of the hip socket.
Once the socket has been thoroughly cleaned, the artificial lining will be secured in place with special screws.
The artificial ball joint is turned inward and fit into the socket.
The team carefully checks to make sure that it fits and allows the full range of normal motion.
Muscle and other tissues are closed over the joint using dissolvable stitches. A temporary draining tube may be added.
Finally, the skin is closed with sutures and protected with sterilized strips.
Small Incision Cataract Surgery PreOp Patient Education
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Your doctor has recommended that you undergo lens replacement surgery to treat a cataract. But what does that actually mean?
The human eye is constructed like a camera - with a clear lens in the front. The lens is located just behind the iris. It is contained in an elastic capsule. This capsule will serve as the housing for the new lens. All light that enters the eye has to pass through this lens.
As we age, this lens can become cloudy and gradually lose its ability to focus properly. This is called a cataract.If left untreated, a cataract can grow steadily worse - interfering more and more with your vision.
Generally, replacing a cataract with an artificial lens is a simple procedure.
It usually involves a single incision in the white of the eye. Through this single opening the cataract is removed and the artificial lens is inserted.
Your Procedure:
On the day of your operation, you will be asked to put on a surgical gown.
You may receive a sedative by mouth and an intravenous line may be put in.
And you'll given eye drops to dilate, or open, the pupil.
You will then be transferred to the operating table.
To begin, the surgeon will use a special instrument to gently hold the eyelids apart.
Then the surgeon will apply an antiseptic solution to the skin around the eye before injecting a local anesthetic.
While the anesthetic is taking effect, the surgeon will position a microscope in front of the eye.
By now, the pupil will be fully open, or dilated.
When the operative field is numb, the surgeon will use the microscope to help make a very small incision just 3 millimeters above the iris. The lens is located just behind the iris contained in the elastic capsule.
Next the surgeon will open the top of the capsule and remove the lens. Most likely, your doctor will use a small probe which vibrates at a high frequency.
The probes vibrations break the old lens into microscopic pieces which can then be drawn out with gentle suction.
Through the small incision, the surgeon will then insert the new lens.
The lens is actually rolled up inside a special injector, designed to fit through the small incision made above the iris.
With the tip of the injector inside the eye, the surgeon slowly injects the new lens where it unfolds into position.
Because of the small size of the incision, often your surgeon will complete surgery without putting in any stitches.
Vision will gradually improve during normal healing over a period of 5 to 8 weeks.
Cystoscopy Male Surgery PreOp® Patient Engagement and Education
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The lower urinary tract allows your body to store and release urine.
It's made up of two parts, the bladder and the urethra.
Your bladder is a hollow organ that expands as it fills with urine. Because it is made of muscular tissue, it can also contract and force urine to pass out of the body, through the urethra. Your urethra carries urine from the bladder all the way through the opening in the penis.
Your doctor feels that it is necessary to examine the interior of the urethra and bladder, to try to determine the cause of a problem that you may be having.
Symptoms that may call for a routine Cystoscopy include:
* Persistent infection of the urinary tract
* Bladder stones
* Bleeding while urinating
* Irritation due to polyps, or
* Changes to the bladder caused by cancer.
Cystoscopy is a simple procedure during which your doctor will insert a well-lubricated, instrument called a cystoscope through your urethra and into your bladder.
The cystoscope allows your doctor to visually inspect the interior of your bladder. It also allows your doctor to remove small pieces of tissue for later examination and even to crush small bladder stones, should any be present.
Any tissue that your doctor removes from your bladder will be sent immediately to a laboratory for analysis. Your doctor will ask the laboratory to check for any sign of cancer or other abnormality.
So make sure that you ask your doctor to carefully explain the reasons behind this recommendation.
Laser Eye LASIK Surgery PreOp® Patient Engagement and Education
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Your doctor has recommended that you undergo Laser-In-Situ Keratomileusis - or LASIK Laser surgery - to correct a vision problem. But what does that actually mean?
The human eye is constructed like a camera ... with a clear lens in the front and light-sensitive tissue at the rear. This tissue makes up the retina which acts like photographic film.
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In an eye that has perfect vision, light rays passing through the pupil are focused by the lens to fall precisely at the center of the retina. There are many common problems that can affect the eye and prevent light rays from focusing properly on the retina.
Three of these problems, myopia - or nearsightedness; hyperopia - or farsightedness; and astigmatism can often be corrected or reduced with the use of LASIK laser surgery.
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Myopia, or nearsightedness, occurs when the shape of the eye is too long or the curve of the cornea is too extreme. In this case, light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina - instead of on the retina itself.
Hyperopia, or farsightedness, occurs when the shape of the eye is too short. In this case, light rays are focused on a point behind the retina.
Astigmatism occurs when the cornea is unevenly curved,
causing light rays to fall off center or not to focus properly at all.
In either case, LASIK laser surgery can be used to flatten all or part of the cornea ... allowing your doctor to cause the focal point of light entering the eye to fall more closely to the center of the surface of the retina.
LASIK laser surgery is a relatively simple and nonintrusive procedure that is designed to reduce or eliminate the need for glasses or contact lenses. LASIK laser surgery generally does not have any effect on a patient's overall health and there are no risks in choosing not to have the surgery.
Tonsillectomy Surgery PreOp® Surgery Video Center:
PreOp® Surgery Patient Engagement - Your tonsils are located in the throat at the back of your mouth - one on either side of the uvula. Together, your tonsils work to help fight infection entering the body through the mouth. They are part of your immune system.
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